Essay on Ancient Greece - 1711 Words

Ancient Greece GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION The Ancient Greek civilization was located on today’s Greek land, Ionian Islands, Asia Minor, South Italy, and Sicily. It is surrounded by mountains and in the north by water. The Ionian and the Aegean seas, together with natural islands and bays, gave the Greeks the opportunety to develop their maritime commerce and their rich culture. The mountains, which surrounded Greece, gave us the picture of its political character. From early times, the Greeks lived in independet settlements, and they were isolated from one another. Later, this settelments grew up into â€Å"poles† or city-states. The Mediteranien Sea moderates Greeks climate  ­ cooling air in summer and warmth in winter period. Summers†¦show more content†¦3. THE EARLY ARCHAIC PERIOD (700-600 BC) Durin the Early Archaic period, the concept of polis became very developed. The Greeks continued with colonialization. Locations, such as Cyrene on the North African cost and Massilia in southern France became Greeks colonies. One may say that Greeks suddenly began to launch these overseas projects. The commercial trade between Greece and Egypt, Anatolia and the Levant, developed. Because of this imports from the eastern parts of the world, one could feel the â€Å"eastern culture† impact on Greeks architecture and sculpture. This period had also the significant impact on Greeks architecture; the first Greek monumental stone sculpture appeared, and the Doric and Ionic architectural orders were born. Doric Architecture 4. THE ARCHAIC PERIOD (600-479 BC) Eventhough the most powerful and the most important city  ­ states were ruled by tyrants they continued to rise. The Greeks adopted a massive buildingn program, and the Attica region started to dominate in the pottery market for about the whole century. By the beginning of the Archaic period large statues of nudes of males  ­ â€Å"kuroi† and draped femaled  ­ â€Å"korai† were produced. In those times, huge tamples with cult images were built all around the Greek Empire. Troubles came from the east ant the west. The Persians wanted to take controll over the Greek land, but finally the Persians lost their fight. The GreeksShow MoreRelatedAncient Greek Of Ancient Greece1582 Words   |  7 Pagesterm that is used to describe a tight knit small community of Ancient Greek citizens who agreed on certain rules and customs. Usually a polis was centered on a small town and the countryside the surrounded it† (Deering). The polis defined a public and communal space, the Agora, for the purpose of leading public affairs. The affairs of men and affairs were included as these had essentials parts to the entire community’s affairs. 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One also cannot help but notice that some social conditions in Ancient Greece, such as the importanceRead MoreHoplite Warfare And Ancient Greece1822 Words   |  8 Pages Hoplite Warfare In Ancient Greece When one thinks of Ancient Greece, one does not typically think of hoplite warfare. However, hoplite warfare is the quintessential factor in Greece becoming the country that it is today. Without this warfare Greece would have fallen to a number of countries not making Greece the independent country that it is today. Thus, making hoplite warfare the most important aspect of Greek history. As Greek population began to increase, city- states began to increaseRead MoreThe City Of Ancient Greece1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe city-states of ancient Greece were at constant strife with each other. They utterly detested each other and were solely independent. However, many factors unified the Greeks, loosely, at all times, and they even brought the Greeks together at times. 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These motifs not only add value to the narrative, but offerRead MoreA Reflection On Society Of Ancient Greece Essay1765 Words   |  8 Pagesconcerning society in ancient Greece. I will include information pertaining to the lives of those who lived in ancient Greece and what their daily lives consisted of. Social issues and political philosophy will also be discussed along with other material that is considered significant to ancient Greek society. This concludes my introduction. When did Ancient Greece exactly flourish and how? The civilization known as Ancient Greece was a part of the history of Greece that took place from

The Problem Of Knowledge An Internal State Or An...

Knowledge can exists as either an internal state or an external reality. It is classified as information, skill and facts which are acquired through various experiences and allow us to have a theoretical understanding of something, however, it can also be an awareness gained by an experience. Producing knowledge implies to come up with new undiscovered knowledge, which can either be personal or shared knowledge. Problems are a situation or matter regarded as unwelcome or harmful and needing to be dealt with and overcome. Problems can be defined as short term or long term, universality or specific, naturally occurring or human created, therefore solutions could also either by immediate or long term. The apparent solution might possibly even†¦show more content†¦This method, which is now known as inoculation, was observed by doctors in England, around the 18th century and was therefore adopted in England and France as new knowledge to prevent the spread of the disease to some of the population was discovered. While these methods were found to cause some serious and often life-threatening smallpox infection, in 1796, an English doctor, named Edward Jenner established a much safer approach to immunising people against smallpox. He inoculated healthy people with fluid containing the cowpox virus which was a much less dangerous disease and he found that by doing so, they were more likely to be protected against the infection. He also found that this immunity could be passed from one person to another genetically. This process is what we know call vaccinations, where a killed microbe is injected into the body to stimulate the immune system. This example demonstrates how we can use science and observations of the world to produce knowledge in order to solve problems. A counterclaim for looking at a structured scientific method to produce knowledge is to look at how ‘accidental’ discoveries produce knowledge through luck and chance which solves problems that it was not intended for. An example of how knowledge can be produced through serendipity is the invention of the post-it notes. Dr Spencer Silver was working at 3M, attempting to develop a super strongShow MoreRelatedThe Key Internal And External Factors That Affect The Performance Of A Company1684 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of the key internal and external factors that are affecting the performance of a company towards innovation are essential to identify the weaknesses or algid points that the organisation must consider and potentiate to be more competitive and innovative. 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Unemployment In Australia Government Policies

Question: Discuss about theUnemployment In Australia for Government Policies. Answer: Introduction The paper aims to explain clearly unemployment condition in Australia. It dwells on the unemployment trend among different category of citizens. It looks at various types of unemployment; issues related to unemployment, Government policies concerning unemployment and unemployment status in various states (Virtue 2014). The paper aims to show the causes and analyze the existing trend in Australian labor market. Australia has been experiencing unemployment growth for a quite extended period. It has been a menace in Australian economic status that hinders the need to enhance the growth of sectors that can sustain the continuous population increase with the higher number of youths targeting employment opportunities. Since the beginning of 21st century, the country has encountered difficult situations on how to curtail unemployment. An increasing number of individual in the country without job opportunities has been felt. Among the unemployed are youths who represent a larger percentage o f the category of unemployed. Since, 2008 after a Global Financial Crisis, the country experiences an estimated 12% of youths unemployed with a composition of age bracket of 15 to 24 years. In comparison to adult unemployment, two-third of unemployed represent youths while adults are only represented by one-third of the unemployed population. Children are more exposed to this risk due to structural and seasonal factors dictated by labor market conditions in the country. Economic status of the country is still unstable since the happening of GFC, a factor which relates positively to unemployment. Youths suffer most due to lack of skills and experiences required by companies in the market. Therefore, their employability is negatively derailed. The majority of children are forced to look for either part-time or casual jobs because a bracket of teenagers is still in learning institutions, a fact that restrict their flexibility toward work hours. Unemployment Trend in Australia Australia being part of global economy, it is not eliminated from the circle of countries that suffer from unemployment crisis. GFC caused a lot of economic challenges to the socioeconomic status of the global market, a situation that boosted labor market failure among other adverse effects. Globally, more than 75 million youths are looking for jobs, though, 60% of them have a probability that they may get opportunities. However, the remaining 40% are directly unemployed. In a nutshell, the majority of the youths suffer more worldwide in the labor market compared to adults, a fact that is right with Australia. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics, the country has experienced various economic status; boom and recession that affect the financial performance of the countys economy on a radical concept. In 2000 to 2001, the country was hit by a crisis that short-lived for two years, a crisis that left many youthful categories with no expectation of job opportunities. The recent c risis that has hit Australia is the GFC in 2008 which has interfered with monetary and fiscal measures that a country can use to achieve the stability of the economy. Unemployment Among Youths in Australia Youth unemployment in the country is defined as the number of kids within the age bracket of 15-24 years who are ready and looking for a job but cannot find. According to International Labor Organization, an unemployed person is an individual who has not worked for at least an hour for the past one week and does not have a possibility of working shortly. These are people who are without work though available to work and deliberately looking for jobs. Youth unemployment in the country has increased from 13.19% to 13.24 in July this year. This is a statistics that is overpowered by only youth unemployment condition in 1978 and 1992 which were at 13.48% and 20.22 respectively. In 2008, the country experienced a low rate of unemployment among teenagers at 7.61%. Unemployment among the youths is not equally distributed, with men affected more compared to women. There is a high possibility of a young man failing to secure a job compared to a young lady. The resulted unemployment situation in Australia among youths is a disaster that requires intervention, however, through unstable economic structures the country is not in a position to overturn the case. The trend clearly shows how the country is in a mess, and if economic fluctuations are experienced again, the country will be in a desperate moment to Carter for its youthful population. Types of Unemployment in Australia The country suffers from three main types of unemployment; Cyclical Unemployment This is a kind of unemployment that happens when the level of countrys national spending and the production ability is weak. This typically happens in recessions and depressions. Such unemployment does not survive when recessions or depressions end. Usually, it ends when the boom periods starts. It is facilitated by low spending rate in the country thus lowering the sales on goods and services. Following the GFC that happened in 2008, the country suffered a recession period (Estevo, S and Petrongolo 2008). This interfered with the countrys spending capacity on property and services thus slowed the rate of economic growth and the GDP. Consequently, the slow economic growth has a direct relationship with the employment opportunity in the economy. A fall in the level of economic growth lowers the job opportunities hence unemployment scenario is approached. All the adverse effects are accompanied by shrinking of job vacancies, the decline in hours of work and period of unemployment incre ases. The global recession and recent GFC which still have an effect on Australia economy, slow down the job creation strategies. Cyclical unemployment contributes to almost 5% of unemployment in Australia. Moreover, the demand side of the market become weak due to the following conditions; Pessimistic nature of consumers. Consumers are attentive during recession periods about their future incomes and employment status. Therefore, they intend to save instead of spending on goods and services. Such a decision that has hindered the spending strength of the country. Reduced business confidence level. When companies are depressed about the sales and profit in future, they decide to stop or lower the standard of investment spending on new business entities thus weakening economic growth. Reduction in household income. Economic recessions reduce families income, a situation that lowers spending possibility. This is elaborated by a downturn in 2008 that has effect in the country to date. Recession experienced by principal trading partners. Major trading partners of Australia have been in slowdown and recession, a fact that affects the countrys economy negatively by reducing their level of spending on the countys productions. This has been happening with countries like Japan, United States, and Britain. High rates of interest. Higher rates of interest on credit discourage borrowing that is used and consumption and investment purposes. Increased taxation on government spending. Practices encouraging high taxes on the government spending have been at the core center to reduce the capability of expenditure of the country. They deter the possibility of the state to spend regarding the costs involved. Failure by the government to pay slows the economic growth. Natural Unemployment This is a type of unemployment that exists even in healthy economic conditions. In the country, before 2008, there was a disappearance of cyclical unemployment though the economy still has undergone unemployment rate of 5%. From the name, it typically exists in economy regardless of the challenges created by recessions or depressions in either country of the global market. Natural type unemployment happens due to changes in supply-side of the market. Reduction in supply affects firms and organizations organization, production, the level of profit and ability to survive in the market. Also, it hinders companys willingness to employ more labor force. Australia level of unemployment is at the highest compared to recent years, with 13.24% youths unemployed. This is a worse rate considering the degree of birth rate in the country that makes it a youthful population. Failure to employ labor force as demonstrated by natural unemployment will only worsen the situation. Structural Unemployment It happens due to changes in the production of goods and services. It contributes primarily to the rate of unemployment in Australia. A substantial structural change in the production sector has been taking the course. This is due to technological and high competition level in the global market from economic powers who produces manufactured goods and services. Furthermore, the changes create alteration on the consumption patterns due to the effect on the real level of income. The following are the changes that cause structural unemployment; Lack of profits and business closure. Economic challenges may subject a company to reduced profitability. This may be necessitated by high costs of production, high taxation rate and high-interest rates by financial institutions. Thereby doing the business to be bankrupt hence closure. This happened in 2014 when companies like Shell Refinery, Alcoa, and other businesses announced about future openings due to closure. Technological change and mismatch of skills. Restructuring of technology to adapt to new technology embraced by the global market has created unemployment level to rise. Use of computers, online shopping, and online marketing are some of the new changes that make labor force less necessary. Computers are operated with people with skills; however, they take responsibilities that would have performed by many people. Mismatch of competencies among youths and another category of people in the labor market is too contributing negatively. The majority of job seekers lack skills required in positions advertised, and firms are not ready to get them trained. This behavior hinders the possibility of landing a job thus forcing unemployed to remain for a long-term period without jobs. Globalization effect. The spread of multinational trade in the countries has enhanced the high rate of competition in the market. Companies that are suffering from the recession are therefore not destined to compete in such competitive-harsh market. Relocation of industries. Some industries have relocated from Australian to countries with real economic power. The employed category remains unemployed, and those expected to acquire job by such company remains jobless with no known period of getting the opportunity. Unemployment in Various States in Australia Australia is a country with different environmental conditions; thus the rate of unemployment in different states differs. The prices in states such as North South Wales, Western Australia, Tasmania, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria varies. Tasmania leads with the high unemployment rate at 22.2%, with youth unemployment of 10.1% (de Vries 2014). It suffers most from the GFC and other activities that affect the economic growth of Australia. Youth unemployment is too elaborate compared to other states in the country. South Australia follows with a general of 21.8% unemployment rate. However, it has 15.4% youth unemployment rate. It was the highest jobless youth rate in 2008, currently second after Tasmania. The state of Tasmania suffers from a high incidence of heterogeneity which runs from 12.6% to 19.1% in Barossa region (Carvalho 2015). Western Australia comes third with 21.3% unemployment rate. It has a youth jobless capacity of 10%. The State is performing on yo uthful category even though; it was at 5.6 % of unemployed young men. Through the past periods, it has experienced a fading in the mining boom which has contributed to its rating. Queensland comes fourth after Western Australia with 21.2% of the unemployed population. Regarding youths, it had 13. 95 of unemployed young people. Though reduced, it still above the natural level of unemployment. In 2008, the State had 7.0% of unemployed youths, however; currently, it has 12.5%. Victoria follows Queensland with 20.5%. It had 14.9% of jobless youths compared to 2008 statistics of 9.45 (O'Callaghan 2015). The major areas in Victoria affected by unemployment are Melbourne, Geelong, and Hume. New South Wales' rate of unemployment is 20.0%. In 2008, it had a youth jobless rate of 10.0% and 12.8% in 2015. The remaining states such as Northern Territory, and Australia Capital Territory have an unemployment rate of 18.5%, and 18.6% respectively. This is as per August 2016. These are the states that have a low level of unemployment opportunities in Australia. Issues and Government Policies of Australia Australia as a country that suffers from unemployment has various matters related to its problems. These problems contribute positively and negatively towards its strategic plans aimed at reducing poverty to a natural level. The Scarring Effects of Unemployment in Australia These are long term adverse effects contributed by lack of employment in the country. The majority of unemployed people suffer from various problems initiated by jobless status. Apart from short-term challenges, there are long-term problems. Unreliable income is a constituent of scarring effect among youths (Ghayad and Dickens 2012). Lack of employment creates uncertainty on when to get income. It promotes frustrates among the jobless category to the extent of not knowing what relevant to participate in for the source of revenue. The effects are long lived in individuals even to their adulthood; it creates a static state dependence. Lack of job today among the youths in Australia increases the possibility of being jobless in the future. This is illustrated by scholars that early unemployment at a young age affects even future job opportunity as well as earnings to a period of 10 years (Bell and Blanchflower 2015). The probability of being jobless in future if one is currently unemployed is three times the chance of not getting a job today. Such ideologies create mayhem among the youth who are willing and able yet they cant secure opportunities. If whatever the scholar's posit is correct, then the majority of Australian children will have difficulty getting a job in future. A possibility that will make many dependent on their undefined means of income (Morsy 2012). Unemployment effect poses with it a signal of poverty. If a young population sense a signal of poverty, there exist social exclusion which is detrimental to the growth and integration of economy. They feel alienated and lack health securities. Financial handicap causes poor demographic composition in the society. Therefore, if unemployment effects are not tackled, there is a higher chanc4s of Australia being an underdeveloped country. Studies illustrate the large effect of killing a dream of youths by denying those jobs (Henkel 2015). The mindset knows very well the capability of this group of people, through employment, every citizen is assured of life satisfaction. Failure to offer jobs will lead to mental health problems. More often, after failing to attain a job, many involves in drug abuse among other terrible and dangerous practices with adverse effects on health. Another side effect of unemployment contributing to mental deterioration is a lack of work experience and skills (C ockx and Picchio 2013). Lack of work experiences hinders chances of getting jobs thus increases long-term unemployment period accompanied with a hangover for jobs. Policies by Australian Government The Australian government has been trying various strategies to improve unemployment conditions in the country. In 1994, the state came up with policies that change the provision of income in passive form to active form. The active form assures for re-employment among employees. It incorporated training of employees, making receipts of unemployment benefits and job creation. This policy aimed to streamline the labor sector to make employees well equipped with both skills and experience (Carvalho 2015). The program too activated for active market programs to help to solve term unemployment issues. By 1997 after the implementation of labor marketing programs, the country decided to privatize its public employment sector entirely. This program helps in solving job matching challenges, talent search through and training on managerial roles. The new programs then helped the government to reduce spending on the labor market. The programs for both employer and employee required unemployed t o work for six months part-time with no payments. Providing experiences to the unemployed group were mean. Through free part-time commitments, employees were trained on how they can help the community in community servicing without expecting payee. Current Policies Used in Australia The labor department decided to change the above-discussed policies in 2009, where a new unit known as Job Service Australia was formed. Job Service Australia aimed at providing incentives to jobs of vocational category and involves training for longer periods. Through, the program much jobless have been enticed by the incentives to join the vocational training whereby in process unemployment can gain experiences and skills. The Australian government has been using the program though not much efficient, the costs of controlling unemployment opportunities are reduced (Knotek II and Terry 2009). In collaboration with Common Wealth, the country has appointed relevant employment coordinators as an initiative to deal with unemployment in prioritized locations of the country. Conclusion The study has confirmed levels of unemployment in Australia with possible causes. The significant contribution is unstable economic conditions not able to support financial requirements by both youthful and adult population who lacks skills and knowledge due to prolonged unemployment menace (Number 2013). The level of jobless among youths is in a sad state with the majority falling within 20-24 years of age. To curb the problem the country should work towards restructuring economic that can accommodate both skilled and unskilled job seekers. Policy recommendations should be looked at to identify the loopholes and mechanisms to curb unemployment. Among the concern to prolonged unemployment situations, is to have a small payment basis as an entry to the job market after which the acquired experiences and skills can elevate one to the dream salary. Primary entry can help prevent social challenges due to psychological torture injected on those unemployed citizens (Carcillo and Knigs 2015 ). The research has shown that mismatch of skills does contribute to the unemployment in the country. The county should come up with clear guidelines on the building of connections young population to adequately adjust to the requirement through learning and vocational programs. Numerical and literacy test are the ingredients of improving their labor demand; therefore, the government ought to contribute to investment in such programs. References Bell, D.N. and Blanchflower, D.G., 2015. Youth unemployment in Greece: measuring the challenge. IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 4(1), pp.1-25. Carcillo, S. and Knigs, S., 2015. NEET Youth in the Aftermath of the Crisis: Challenges and Policies. Available at SSRN 2573655. Carvalho, P., 2015. Budget 2015: plucking the foreign flock may backfire. ABC News , pp. 1-4. Carvalho, P., 2015. Why migrants may be our greatest economic asset. ABC News , pp. 1-4. Carvalho, P., 2015. Youth unemployment in Australia. Policy: A Journal of Public Policy and Ideas, 31(4), p.36. Cockx, B. and Picchio, M., 2013. Scarring effects of remaining unemployed for longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ term unemployed schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ leavers. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 176(4), pp.951-980. de Vries, R., 2014. Earning by degrees. Su on trust report, The Su on Trust. Estevo, M., S, F. and Petrongolo, B., 2008. The 35-Hour Workweek in France: Straightjacket or Welfare Improvement?[with Discussion]. Economic Policy, pp.417-463. Ghayad, R. and Dickens, W.T., 2012. What can we learn by disaggregating the unemployment-vacancy relationship?. FRB of Boston Public Policy Brief, (12-3). Henkel, D., 2015. Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990-2010). Current drug abuse reviews, 4(1), pp.4-27. Knotek II, E.S. and Terry, S., 2009. How will unemployment fare following the recession?. Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 94(3), p.7. Morsy, H., March 2012,. Scarred Generation. International Monetary Fund , Vol. 49, No. 1(Finance Development), pp. 1-6. Number, C., 2013 . 6102.0.55.001 - Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2013. Australian Bereau of Statistics , pp. 1-4. O'Callaghan, D., 2015. Backpackers turn back on Australia after federal budget changes increase working holiday taxation. ABC Rural , pp. 1-3. Virtue, R., 2014. The summer pilgrimage of fruit picking backpackers. ABC Central West NSW, pp. 1-2.

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A Line Of Promises Essays - Rings, Fingers, Marriage, Ring Theory

A Line Of Promises Essays - Rings, Fingers, Marriage, Ring Theory A Line Of Promises A Line of Promises Many times simple objects in peoples lives can come to represent a part of themselves. The object can become an integral part of a persons identity. In Wedding-Ring by Denise Levertov, the relationship between a woman and her old wedding ring is explored as a way to intertwine the womans life with the rings meaning. Through the ring, the woman identifies herself. The wedding ring is wishfully transformed from a complex symbol of promises to a simple gift of friendship. In the opening of Wedding-Ring, Levertov sets the tone of the poem, by exemplifying the interaction between the speakers feelings and the wedding ring. My wedding ring lies in a basket / as if at the bottom of a well (1,2). The first two lines of the poem paints a picture of a lonely woman trying to depart with the last memory of her marriage, her wedding ring. The comparison between the basket and the bottom of the well accentuates the low point in the womans ending marriage. Having compared the shallow basket to the deep well, the poet implies to the reader that the speaker is feeling sorrow, and therefore her surroundings may also seem sad and empty. This displays the relationship of how the wedding ring and her feelings are connected. This image of the wedding rings location is further described as Levertov writes, It lies / among keys to abandoned houses / nails waiting to be needed and hammered (5,6,7). Not only does the ring lie in the bottom of a well, it is along with other long forgotten objects. The use of abandoned houses brings images of loneliness and emptiness. The speaker also uses violent nouns and verbs such as nails and hammered to describe the setting of her ring. Nails alone are just mere objects, but nails that are hammered and are forced to be used to hold things together hold a much higher value. Like the womans wedding ring, its true value is not seen until it is put on a finger. In reality the ring is not in a well with these objects but her connection with the ring is bringing out emotions that are creating these images. It is often easy to overlook the speakers intentions in the poem, but upon closer examination line breaks following the word lies can help emphasize the word. In this case, lies can be interpreted by multiple denotations. The obvious way to denote lies is to continuously read through to the next line, and use the context of the poem to define the word. But the enjambment creates the possibility of lies defined as ill truth. A wedding ring is a symbol of a promise, and for it to hold ill-truth means the ring can no longer be called a wedding ring. It is now a mere piece of jewelry, which the woman attempts to forget. . The speaker has given much thought to remove the ring out of her life but each reason she gives justifies a reason for her not to. In the poem she writes, It cant be given away / for fear of bringing ill-luck. / It cant be sold for the marriage was good on its own (11-13). The repetition of I cant sets a series of limitations around the woman. No matter what she tries to do, the wedding ring will always be a part of her. The line break after the word own gives the notion of belonging. It gives thought that she is one entity and the ring also has its own life. However, she is unable to escape the ring because she is fearful she will be violating its memory. The rings memory is also a part of her own memory. The reason the woman is drawing lines around herself with these restrictions is because the ring possesses some sort of power over her. The superstitious woman, on the other hand believes it can bring bad luck to whoever holds the ring after she has already worn it. The phrase for fear of bringing ill-luck suggests that the woman is afraid that since her marriage ended, any new owners of the ring will have the

Is assured participation in the political decision-making process for Essay

Is assured participation in the political decision-making process for ethnic groups in conflict (power-sharing) likely to help prevent ethnic violence or merely entrench inter-ethnic tensions - Essay Example , who are responsible for making decisions, how the other players in the field make their voices heard and determine how to account for what is rendered. The big question in this paper is whether assured participation in political decision- making process helps to prevent ethnic conflicts or not. Governing a divided society in the line of religion and ethnicity is a difficult process that requires patience and community participation in the decision-making processes. The people in society should participate in political decision making to contribute to the choice of their leaders, economy, and other important crucial matters that affect their country. Encouraging community participation could also be a challenge especially where the leaders governing the states are hated by specific ethic groups because of their tribes or religion because they could aim at opposing the government in most of the decisions made just to prove that they do not support the leaders. There are conflicts in various countries around the globe because of governance based on ethnicity and religion that have made the citizens divided and confused since they are at the middle of the tensions where they are killed and tortured because of the decisions made by their governments. The scope of this paper is to discuss if assured participation in political decision-making processes for ethnic groups in conflict is likely to help prevent ethnic violence or merely entrench inter-ethnic tensions in the various societies using normative arguments that are theory-based. Sahni and Medury (2003) confirmed that involvement of the community members in political decision-making processes is a necessary and desired part to ensure the development of activities in the society. Participation in political decision-making enables the government to tie various programs to the citizens, which could make the people live in peace and harmony or lead to ethnic crisis. Allowing the citizens to participate in political

Role of Positive Discrimination in the Workplace with Regard to the Essay

Role of Positive Discrimination in the Workplace with Regard to the Minorities - Essay Example This essay declares that employers have realised the value of diversity in relation to the workforce, thus using recruitment and selection tools that help draw culturally diverse employees into an organisation. Positive discrimination was used in the past as a selection tool to ensure that minorities received the opportunity of representing their group at the workplace. This meant that candidates from minority groups were eligible for jobs before the others regardless of their qualifications and skills. This paper stresses that positive discrimination is a term used in the United Kingdom to refer to a group of measures employed by governments, corporations, institutions whether private of public, such as schools, and companies in an effort to address discrimination affecting the entire system. Positive discrimination is anticipated to facilitate the role played by minority groups to development and reduce inequalities thereby ameliorating development indicators. It is crucial for the nation to design and implement proper measures that will help in curbing inequality and the United Kingdom has continued to make necessary changes to Positive discrimination in an effort to make them as accommodative as possible. Positive discrimination is the name used to describe affirmative action in the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, positive discrimination in reference to employment refers to policies and measures laid down to curb employment discrimination barriers for women and individual s from minority groups. ... Positive discrimination is anticipated to facilitate the role played by minority groups to development and reduce inequalities thereby ameliorating development indicators. It is crucial for the nation to design and implement proper measures that will help in curbing inequality and the United Kingdom has continued to make necessary changes to Positive discrimination in an effort to make them as accommodative as possible (Noon, 2010:728). Positive discrimination is the name used to describe affirmative action in the United Kingdom. Affirmative action was introduced in the United States by President John F. Kennedy as Executive Order 10925 and was signed on 6 March 1961. It was introduced to eliminate or reduce discrimination of African Americans in the workplaces, schools, colleges and residential areas. It all began with President Kennedy when he issued an executive order in 1961. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act was introduced and it made provisions that prohibited discrimination and ens ured that all Americans had equal employment opportunities regardless of religion, race, colour or cultural background. In September 1965, President Johnson issued Executive Order 11246 that required all government employers to adopt particular rules while employing workers and to disregard the religion, race, national origin or colour of the candidates. In 1967, affirmative action was amended to admit gender too. (Tsikata, 2009:12). In the United Kingdom, positive discrimination in reference to employment refers to policies and measures laid down to curb employment discrimination barriers for women and individuals from minority groups. Positive discrimination is supposed to raise